2.10 - Case Study: Coastal Land Use & Conflicts
Competing land uses on coastlines in Soufrière, St Lucia
Soufrière, a coastal town on the Caribbean island of St Lucia, faces significant challenges due to competing demands for its coastal resources. Historically, the local economy relied heavily on agriculture and fishing as primary sources of income and employment. However, the growth of the tourism industry has introduced new pressures, as various stakeholders vie for access to the same limited coastal areas.
Key conflicts over coastal resources
- Agriculture and fishing vs. tourism - Traditional livelihoods such as farming and fishing are increasingly in competition with tourism-related activities.
- Resource allocation - Fishermen and farmers find themselves contending with tourism-related users for access to coastal resources.
Establishment and zoning of the Soufrière Marine Management Area (SMMA)
In response to escalating conflicts over coastal resources, the Soufrière Marine Management Area (SMMA) was established in 1995. This initiative marked a shift from traditional top-down regulatory approaches to a more inclusive stewardship model aimed at sustainable resource management.
Development of the SMMA
- Historical management issues - Previously, resource management in Soufrière relied on regulations imposed without public consultation.
- Stewardship approach - The SMMA introduced a collaborative framework for sustainable management of resources within the area.
Types of zones in the SMMA
| Zone type | Purpose and allowed activities |
|---|---|
| Marine Reserve Areas (MRA) | Protect natural resources; access by permit for diving and snorkelling. |
| Fishing Priority Areas | Prioritise commercial fishing over other activities. |
| Recreational Areas | Designated for public use, including sunbathing and swimming. |
| Yachting Areas | Provide moorings for pleasure boats and yachts; yachting restricted to these zones. |
| Multiple-Use Areas | Allow a range of activities such as fishing, diving, and snorkelling. |
Benefits and challenges of coastal stewardship in the SMMA
The stewardship model adopted by the SMMA relies on active participation from local communities and stakeholders. Its success hinges on the perceived benefits to those involved.
Advantages of the stewardship approach
- Visible benefits - When clear advantages are evident, participation and support for stewardship initiatives are high.
Challenges in sustaining stewardship efforts
- Lack of perceived benefits - Activities like beach monitoring often receive low priority if immediate advantages to participants are not obvious.
Impact of zoned management on local resources and biodiversity
The introduction of zoned management within the SMMA has had measurable effects on both the natural environment and the livelihoods of local communities.
Positive outcomes of zoning in the SMMA
- Increase in fish stocks - Surveys indicate a rise in the quantity of fish caught.
- Enhanced fish biodiversity - Greater diversity of fish species has been recorded.
- Reduced coral reef damage - Human-induced harm to coral reefs has decreased.