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{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The difference between speed and velocity
The difference between distance and displacement
The speed and velocity equations

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'acceleration' is
The acceleration equations

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to read distance / time graphs

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to read velocity / time graphs

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why falling objects reach 'terminal velocity'

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'density' is
The density equation
How to find the density of an unknown substance experimentally

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The idea that materials can be deformed by compressing, stretching, or bending them
The difference between 'elastic' and 'inelastic' deformation
The meaning of the term 'spring constant'
The relationship between 'force', and 'extension', known as Hooke's law: F = ke
The force versus extension graph

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What a 'free body diagram' is
What a 'resultant force' is
How to calculate a resultant force from a free body diagram
What it means for an object to be in 'equilibrium'

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The difference between scalar and vector quantities

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to use scale drawings to find the resultant force on an object
How to resolve vectors into their horizontal and vertical components

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Newton's first law
Newton's second law
The equation for Newton's second law: F = ma

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What a 'moment' is
The moment equation: M = Fd
Balanced moments in seesaws

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How levers work
How gears work

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What the 'centre of gravity' is
How to find the centre of gravity for an irregularly shaped object
How the position of the centre of gravity impacts the stability of an object

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The momentum equation: p = mv
The conservation of momentum principle

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Using force to change the momentum of an object
The force / momentum equations

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The different types of energy store
The different ways energy can be transferred
The concept of 'open' and 'closed' systems
What the term 'work done' means

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How energy is transferred (mechanically, electrically, by heating, by radiation)
Examples of energy transfers

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'kinetic energy' is
How to calculate kinetic energy

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'gravity' is
What 'weight' is, and how to calculate it
What 'gravitational potential energy' is, and how to calculate it

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What conservation of energy means
What we mean by 'closed' and 'open' systems
Examples of how energy can be dissipated

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Energy transfers between the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy stores
How to calculate these energy transfers

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'power' is and how to calculate it

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What we mean by the term 'efficiency'
How to calculate efficiency using two different equations
The idea that no device is 100% efficient

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What a Sankey diagram is
How to do calculations with Sankey diagrams

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What causes pressure
The pressure equation

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'atmospheric pressure' is
What generates atmospheric pressure

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

An introduction to the main energy resources we rely on
The difference between renewable and non-renewable energy resources
Some of the uses of energy, such as for transport, electricity generation, and heating

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What fossil fuels are, and their pros and cons
What nuclear energy is, and its pros and cons

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How solar and wind power work
The pros and cons of solar and wind power

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'geothermal energy' is
The pros and cons of geothermal power

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What biofuels are
The pros and cons of biofuel
Why biofuels aren't really carbon neutral

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How hydroelectric dams and tidal barrages work
How they transfer gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy
The pros and cons of each

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What particle (kinetic) theory is, and what its limitations are
How it explains the 3 states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas
How gaining and losing heat can cause matter to change state

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How gas particles behave, and how that behaviour creates pressure
How temperature, concentration, and volume affect pressure
How temperature and concentration affect volume in a flexible container

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The idea that pressure multiplied by volume is constant, at a fixed temperature
The gas equations
The idea that pressure divided by temperature is constant, at a fixed volume

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases
The uses and drawbacks of thermal expansion
Examples of thermal expansion in everyday life

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'internal energy' is
What 'specific heat capacity' is
How to use the specific heat capacity equation to calculate a change in internal energy

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How conduction transfers heat
How convection transfers heat
How infrared radiation transfers heat

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How absorbing and emitting radiation can alter an object's temperature
Which factors determine the type of radiation emitted

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The basics of waves
The wave frequency equation
The wave speed equation
The difference between 'transverse' and 'longitudinal' waves

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How waves can be reflected off of a boundary
How to draw a ray diagram

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why light is refracted as it passes from one medium to another
How to draw ray diagrams for refraction
What happens when white light is refracted through a prism

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'refractive index' means
How to find the refractive index of a material
How to use the Snell's Law equation

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'total internal reflection' is
What the 'critical angle (C)' is
The formula sin(C) = 1 ÷ n

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How waves can be represented as wavefronts
What diffraction is
How wavelength and gap size affect diffraction through a gap
How wavelength affects diffraction at an edge

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How lenses focus and disperse light via refraction
How the power of a lens changes with curvature
The difference between real and virtual images

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to draw ray diagrams for concave and convex lenses

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to remember all the visible wavelengths of light, in order of decreasing wavelength
Why objects appear a particular colour
The difference between transparent, translucent, and opaque objects
How light filters work

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The different types of electromagnetic waves

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How radio waves are generated, transmitted, and received
The different types of radio waves, and how they're used

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The two main uses of microwaves
The main uses of infrared radiation

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The main uses of visible light
The main uses of ultraviolet light

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How X-rays are used in medical imaging
The main uses of gamma rays

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How sound waves travel through materials\r
How human hearing works

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The different types of magnets
How to draw magnetic field lines
What the magnetic field lines can tell us about the magnet

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What a magnetic material is
The differences between 'permanent' magnets and 'induced' magnets

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What an electric circuit is
The basic components of an electric circuit
An introduction to current, potential difference, and resistance
The direction of electron flow and current flow

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance: V = IR
The current / voltage graphs for resistors, filament lamps, and diodes

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What charge is
The charge equation: Q = It

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'static electricity' is
How static electricity builds up
How static electricity can cause a spark

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The definitions of electromotive force (emf) and potential difference
The link between potential difference, energy, and charge

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What a 'series' circuit is
How series circuits affect potential difference, current, and resistance

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What a parallel circuit is
How parallel circuits affect potential difference, current, and resistance

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The equation E = Pt
The equation E = VIt
The equation E = QV
The equation P = IV
The equation P = I²R

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What a potential divider is
How variable resistors can be used to provide a variable potential difference
How potentiometers can be used to provide a variable potential difference

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The different wires found inside of plugs and cables
Why touching the live wire could give an electric shock

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The 4 main safety mechanisms that are used in electrical circuits:
Fuses and circuit breakers, which prevent damage due to a surge in current
Earthing and double insulation, which minimise electric shocks

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How the generator effect / electromagnetic induction works
The three ways to increase the size of the induced potential difference

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The two types of generators: alternators and dynamos
How alternators generate alternating current (a.c.)
How dynamos generate direct current (d.c.)
What a.c. and d.c. look like on an oscilloscope

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'electromagnetism' is, and how it works
How electromagnetism is created in wires, coils, solenoids, and electromagnets
The four ways to increase the strength of an electromagnet

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The idea that a current-carrying wire will experience a force if placed within a magnetic field
How to find the direction of the force using Fleming's left hand rule
How to find the strength of the force using the equation: F = BIL

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How the motor effect can be used to generate a turning force from electricity
What a 'split-ring commutator' is, and why it's required
Three ways to increase the speed of the rotation caused by the motor effect

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How transformers are used to minimise power loss when transmitting electricity across the national grid
How a transformer works

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to use the transformer equations

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The history of the atom\r
How our understanding of the atom developed over time

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The structure of an atom
What 'isotopes' are
How electrons can move between different energy levels

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The four types of nuclear radiation: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and neutrons
How ionising each type of radiation is
How penetrating each type of radiation is

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How alpha and beta particles can be written
The nuclear equations for alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron decay

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What the terms 'activity' and 'half-life' mean
How to interpret a graph of radioactive decay
How to calculate the activity and half-life of a radioactive material

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The meaning of the terms 'contamination' and 'irradiation'
Why radiation is harmful to our DNA and cells
The most and least harmful types of radiation
Some of the safety precautions required when handling radioactive substances

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How radiotherapy can be used to treat cancer
How radioactive substances can be used as medical tracers inside the body

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'nuclear fission' is
How a 'chain reaction' occurs in a nuclear reactor
The pros and cons of nuclear power

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'nuclear fusion' is
Why we can't use nuclear fusion to generate electricity
The differences between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why objects orbit each other
Why orbiting objects are constantly accelerating even though their speed doesn't change
How the speed of an object's orbit is related to the size of their orbit path

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The relationship between planets, star systems (the solar system), galaxies, and the universe
The difference between asteroids and comets
The difference between natural and artificial satellites

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The life cycle of stars
Details of each stage, including: nebulas, protostars, main sequence stars, red giants, red super giants, white and black dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to interpret red-shift in absorption spectra
How we know that other galaxies are moving away from us
The big bang theory of the origin of the universe

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The formation of the solar system and accretion theory
Gravitational field strength on different planets
How gravitational field strength varies with distance from the surface of a planet

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The relationship between distance and velocity of galaxies
Hubble's law
Hubble's constant
How to use Hubble's constant to estimate the age of the universe

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