4.4 - Managing Climate Change
Mitigation strategies to reduce the causes of climate change
Mitigation strategies focus on tackling the root causes of climate change by lowering the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Approaches to mitigate climate change
- Carbon capture and storage (CCS) - This technology targets emissions from fossil fuel power plants by trapping carbon dioxide (CO2) before it enters the atmosphere. The captured gas is then moved to secure locations, such as deep underground reservoirs, for long-term storage.
- Afforestation and reforestation - Planting more trees enhances the natural absorption of CO2 from the air through photosynthesis.
- Transition to alternative energy sources - Shifting from fossil fuels to cleaner options like nuclear power and renewables, such as solar or wind energy, significantly cuts down greenhouse gas emissions. For instance, the UK is expanding its renewable energy capacity with projects like offshore wind farms.
Adaptation strategies to respond to the effects of climate change
Adaptation involves making adjustments to cope with the unavoidable consequences of climate change, such as rising temperatures, changing weather patterns, and increasing sea levels.
Methods of adapting to climate change impacts
- Transforming agricultural practices - As rainfall patterns shift and temperatures rise, farming systems must evolve. This includes planting crops better suited to warmer or drier conditions, and using biotechnology to develop varieties that withstand extreme weather, like drought-resistant millet in Kenya.
- Enhancing water management - With drier areas facing increased water scarcity, efficient use of resources is critical. Installing water meters in homes helps monitor and reduce consumption, while collecting and reusing rainwater or treated wastewater provides alternative supplies.
- Addressing rising sea levels - Predicted sea level increases by 2100 threaten coastal and island communities. Improved flood warning systems and the construction of barriers help mitigate flooding risks. In less affluent regions, like Bangladesh, communities are creating elevated shelters and raising homes on embankments to escape floodwaters.
Key international efforts to combat climate change
Global cooperation is essential to address the widespread challenge of climate change.
Significant global initiatives
- The Paris Agreement - Implemented on 4th November 2016, this landmark accord has been endorsed by 195 parties, including the European Union (EU). It focuses on curbing greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming and encourages wealthier nations to assist developing countries in adopting sustainable practices.
- National pledges for emission reductions - Under the Paris Agreement, countries submit commitments to lower their emissions. The UK, for example, has set a target to cut emissions by at least 68% compared to 1990 levels by 2030.
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