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{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Which features all living organisms have in common
MRS GREN: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
Why viruses are not classed as living organisms

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why we need classification systems
How Carl Linnaeus classified living things into groups depending on their structure and characteristics
The order of the groups: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
What the 'binomial naming system' is, and why it's important
Why Carl Woese introduced 'domains'
What 'evolutionary trees' are

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The key features and differences between animals, plants, fungi, protoctists, bacteria, and viruses

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How keys can be used to identify species
What a 'dichotomous key' is

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The structure of animal, plant, and bacterial cells
The function of each sub-cellular structure (organelle), such as ribosomes and mitochondria

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The levels of organisation within an organism: organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms
How the different levels work together

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How light microscopes work
What the terms 'object', 'image', 'magnification', and 'resolution' mean

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to convert between units of length, such as from mm to nm
Examples of how small objects such as cells, molecules, and atoms, really are

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to use the equation \"magnification = image size ÷ object size\"

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How diffusion works
How diffusion applies to cell membranes
The factors that affect the rate of diffusion

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'osmosis' is
What 'water concentration' means
How osmosis applies to cells

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'active transport' is
How active transport is used by root hair cells to absorb minerals

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What surface area (SA) to volume (V) ratio means
How SA : V changes as organisms get larger
Why large organisms need specialised exchange surfaces

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What the different biological molecules (nutrients) are, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, mineral ions, fibre and water.
Which foods each biological molecule is found in
Why we need each type of biological molecule

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to prepare food samples for testing
The Benedict's test for sugars
The Iodine test for starch
The Biuret test for proteins
The Sudan III & emulsion tests for lipids
The DCPIP test for vitamin C

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What enzymes do (i.e. catalyse reactions)
How enzymes work
The lock and key model vs the induced fit model

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How temperature affects the rate of enzyme controlled reactions
How pH affects the rate of enzyme controlled reactions

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'photosynthesis' is
The word and symbol equations for photosynthesis
What a plant needs glucose for

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis
How temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis
How farmers can maximise the rate of photosynthesis

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The structure of a plant leaf
The levels of organisation in plants

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why plants need mineral ions such as nitrates and magnesium ions
What happens if plants don't get enough mineral ions

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are made of

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How the digestive system digests and absorbs food
The role of each organ

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Which enzymes carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, are broken down by
Which products they're broken down into
Which organs produce each enzyme

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The structure of teeth and how they are fixed to the gums and bone
The different types human teeth and their functions

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How sugars are transported around the plant ('translocation')
How water and mineral ions are transported from the roots to the leaves
The factors that affect the rate of transpiration

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How the heart, blood vessels, and blood, make up the circulatory system
What we mean by 'single circulatory system' and 'double circulatory system'
The structure of the heart
The route of blood flow through the heart
The role of the coronary arteries

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The structure and function of arteries
The structure and function of capillaries
The structure and function of veins
How to calculate the rate of blood flow

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The roles of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and blood plasma

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'cardiovascular disease' is
What 'coronary heart disease' is
How statins and stents can be used to treat coronary heart disease
The causes of, and treatments for, faulty heart values
What 'heart failure' is, and how we can treat it

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What we mean by the terms 'health' and 'disease'
The difference between 'communicable' and 'non-communicable' disease
How diseases can interact with one another

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The physical and chemical barriers that prevent pathogens from entering our bodies.
The immune system, which destroys pathogens that do mange to enter our bodies.

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The difference between active and passive immunity
How the antibodies in breastmilk help newborns

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How vaccines work
The pros and cons of vaccines

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why gas exchange is so important
The structure of the lungs, including trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
How alveoli are adapted for gas exchange
How to calculate breathing rate

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What ventilation is
The muscles involved in ventilation
The process of inspiration
The process of expiration

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The difference between 'aerobic' and 'anaerobic' respiration
What the energy from respiration is used for
What 'metabolism' means

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The different functions of the kidneys: namely removing waste, and regulating the levels of water and ions in the blood
How 'filtration' and 'selective reabsorption' work
How the body regulates water levels using antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The anatomy of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
The anatomy of the nephron, including the glomerulus, and the different parts of the tubule

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The structure of the nervous system
How synapses work
How reflex arcs work

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The different structures in the eye
How the eye responds to light in the iris reflex
The roles of the circular and radial muscles in the iris

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How the 'accommodation reflex' allows us to see both near and distant object
The roles of the ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments
How we can use glasses to fix near or far-sightedness

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How the endocrine system works
The roles of the main glands in the body
How the endocrine system is different to the nervous system

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Where adrenaline is released from, and what it does in the body

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'homeostasis' is
The roles of receptors, coordination centres, and effectors
The differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system
What we mean by 'negative feedback'

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What the term 'thermoregulation' means
How the thermoregulatory centre controls our temperature
How we warm the body by shivering, raising body hairs, and vasoconstriction
How we cool the body by sweating, lowering body hairs, and vasodilation

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why we need to control the concentration of glucose in our bloodstream
How insulin and glucagon work

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

A recap of how the body controls blood glucose levels
The causes and treatment of type 1 diabetes
The causes and treatment of type 2 diabetes

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What auxins do to shoots and roots
How positive and negative phototropism work
How positive and negative geotropism work

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What medications are
What painkillers are
What antibiotics are

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How sexual reproduction works
How asexual reproductions works

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The pros and cons of sexual and asexual reproduction

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The male & female reproductive parts of a flowering plant
What 'self pollination' & 'cross pollination' are
How flowers are adapted for insect & wind pollination

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How fertilisation works in plants
How the pollen passes down the pollen tube to reach the egg cell

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The structure of a seed
What 'germination' means
The conditions required for a seed to germinate

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'puberty' is and which hormones are responsible for it
The stages and hormones involved in the menstrual cycle

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'DNA' is
What 'chromosomes' are
What we mean by the term 'genome', and why understanding the concept is important

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What an 'allele' is
What the terms 'dominant' & 'recessive' mean
What the terms 'homozygous' & 'heterozygous' mean
What the terms 'genotype' & 'phenotype' mean

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The structure of DNA
The structure of nucleotides
What 'complementary base pairing' is
How DNA can code for a protein

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why multicellular organism require a continuous supply of new cells
What the 'cell cycle' is
What 'chromosomes' are
How mitosis works

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'meiosis' is
Why meiosis is important

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How to draw Punnett squares
How to use Punnett squares to find the probability of a child having a certain trait

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'family trees' are and how they work
How to use the 'key' of a genetic diagram
The example of cystic fibrosis
How to use family trees to predict the chance of a disease being inherited

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'variation' is
How both genes and the environment can contribute to variation
The difference between 'continuous variation' and 'discontinuous variation'
What 'survival of the fittest', 'natural selection', and 'evolution' mean
Who Charles Darwin was
How evolution works

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'DNA mutations' are
How mutations can arise
The possible consequences of mutations
You do not need to know about insertion or deletion mutations, which is why the video finishes early, but feel free to watch on if you're interested

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What it means for an organisms to be 'adapted for its environment'
The difference between 'structural', 'behavioural', and 'functional' adaptations
What 'extremophiles' are

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What antibiotic resistance is
How antibiotic resistances arises
How we can reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance
Why antibiotic resistance is a problem

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How selective breeding works
What selective breeding is used for
The drawbacks of selective breeding

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What food chains show
What 'producers', 'primary consumers', 'secondary consumers', and 'tertiary consumers' are
What food webs show

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

The idea that trophic levels are just the different levels of a food chain
The names of each trophic level e.g. 'producers', 'primary consumers' etc.
The difference between 'herbivores', 'carnivores', and 'omnivores'
How detritivores break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Biomass is just the mass of living organisms
How pyramids of biomass show the amount of biomass at each trophic level of a food chain
Why the amount of biomass decreases as you go up the food chain
How to calculate the efficiency of biomass transfer between levels in a food chain

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

Why substances like carbon and water have to be recycled
The steps of the water cycle
The steps of the carbon cycle

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'ecology' is
What the terms 'habitat', 'population', 'community', and 'ecosystem' mean
What 'competition' is, and which resources organisms compete for
What the term 'interdependence' means

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'biotic factors' are
What 'abiotic factors' are

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What biodiversity is and why it's so important
How humans reduce biodiversity
How waste contributes to water, land and air pollution

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How destroying forests and peat bogs affects the environment
How this affects biodiversity

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What the 'greenhouse effect' is, and how it causes global warming
The difference between 'global warming' and 'climate change'
Some of the main contributors to, and consequences of, global warming
Some of the consequences of climate change

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How we can maintain biodiversity with breeding programs and conservation
Why we don't conserve biodiversity as much as we should

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

What 'genetic engineering' is & why it's done
What 'gene therapy' is
The pros and cons of genetic engineering
The steps of genetic engineering

{subtopic}

This lesson covers:

How human population has been increasing rapidly, requiring us to produce more food
How genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have helped increase farming yields
Examples of genetically modified organisms
The pros and cons of GMOs

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