The classification of coastal landforms into erosional and depositional types

Coastal landforms are broadly classified into two categories: erosional and depositional. Erosional landforms are formed by the wearing away of coastal materials, while depositional landforms result from the accumulation of sediments.

Understanding the symbols and patterns used on maps helps in analysing whether a coastline is shaped primarily by erosion or deposition.

Key characteristics of erosional landforms and their map representations

Erosional landforms are created when the sea's waves erode the coastline. On maps, their representations help in identifying the type of coastal erosion that has occurred.

Common erosional landforms and their map symbols

• Cliffs - On maps, they are depicted as small black lines indicating a steep slope along the shoreline.
• Wave-cut platforms - Maps show these as uneven, bumpy edges along the coastal boundary.
• Stacks - They appear on maps as small, distinct blobs just offshore.
• Caves and arches - These features are not visible on standard maps due to the overlying rock obscuring them.

Key characteristics of depositional landforms and their map representations

Depositional landforms are built up from materials that are transported and deposited by waves and currents. Maps use specific colours and patterns to represent these landforms.

Common depositional landforms and their map symbols

• Beaches - On maps, beaches are generally shown in yellow:
  • Sand beaches - Represented by a pale yellow shade.
  • Shingle beaches - Depicted as white or yellow with speckled patterns.
• Spits - Maps show spits as a thin strip of beach material projecting into the water, still connected to the land at one end. Often accompanied by a noticeable bend in the coastline that influenced their formation.