Alpha, Beta, gamma decay multiple choice questions

Alpha, Beta, Gamma Decay

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1 of 10

When α-particles are fired at a thin metal foil, most of the particles pass straight through but a few are deflected by a large angle.

Which change would increase the proportion of α-particles deflected by a large angle?

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2 of 10

A radioactive nucleus emits a β⁻ particle then an α particle and finally another β⁻ particle. The final nuclide is

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3 of 10

The diagram shows an area of 0.10 m² normal to a line connecting it to a point source of

gamma radiation. The source emits photons uniformly in all directions.

The area and the source are separated by a distance of 2.0 m.

Diagram showing a point source of gamma radiation emitting photons uniformly in all directions with an area of 0.10 m2 separated by a distance of 2.0 m.

The source emits 5,000 gamma photons per second.

How many photons pass through the area every second?

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4 of 10

When a small radioactive source is placed in a cloud chamber, straight tracks about 4 cm long are observed. The same source is placed 10 cm from a Geiger tube and a count rate is detected. When a sheet of aluminium 5 mm thick is placed between the source and the Geiger tube the count rate falls to the background count rate.

Which types of radiation are emitted by the source?

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5 of 10

The first artificial radioactive substance was made by bombarding aluminium, with alpha particles. This produced an unstable isotope of phosphorus.

$_{13}^{27} Al$

$_{15}^{30} P$

What was the by-product of this reaction?

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6 of 10

Which statement about nuclei is correct?

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7 of 10

An atomic nucleus emits a β-particle.

What change does this cause to the proton number and the nucleon number of the nucleus?

Table showing changes in proton number and nucleon number after beta particle emission.

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8 of 10

Which statement about alpha, beta and gamma radiation is correct?

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9 of 10

It was once thought that the mass of an atom is spread uniformly through the volume of the atom.

When α-particles are directed at a piece of gold foil, the results led scientists to believe instead that nearly all the mass of the gold atom is concentrated at a point inside the atom.

Which effect is possible onlyif nearly all the mass of the gold atom is concentrated at a point?

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10 of 10

A beam of α-particles collides with a lead sheet. Each α-particle in the beam has a mass of 6.6 × 10^–27 kg and a speed of 1.5 × 10⁷m s^–1.

5.0 × 10⁴ α-particles per second collide with an area of 1.0 cm² of lead. Almost all of the α-particles are absorbed by the lead so that they have zero speed after collision.

What is an estimate of the average pressure exerted on the lead by the α-particles?

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