Introduction to Organic Chemistry - exam practice
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Question 1 of 6
Crude oil undergoes fractional distillation to produce a number of different fractions containing saturated hydrocarbons.
Explain the meaning of the term saturated hydrocarbon.
The saturated hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil include the homologous series of alkanes.
State two characteristics of a homologous series.
One example of an alkane is octane which has the molecular formula C8H18.
Explain what is meant by the term molecular formula.
The structure below represents one of the structural isomers of octane.
State the meaning of the term structural isomerism.
Name the isomer shown below.
This question is about halogenoalkanes.
Draw the structure of the alkene that would react with bromine to form 1,2-dibromo-3-methylpentane.
Name the halogenoalkane formed in the reaction between 2-methylbut-2-ene and bromine.
The halogenoalkane with the molecular formula C4H9Br has four structural isomers. Two of these isomers have been drawn below.
Draw and name the other two isomers.
Explain what is meant by the term displayed formula and draw the displayed formula of 2,3-dichloro-2-methylbutane.
Compound Xis a member of a homologous series and its structure is shown below.
What is the general formula of this homologous series?
Draw and name the position isomer of compound X.
Pentane is a member of the alkane homologous series.
Give the general formula of the alkanes.
One of the structural isomers of pentane is 2,2-dimethylpropane.
Draw the displayed formula of 2,2-dimethylpropane and name the type of structural isomerism shown.
This question is about the alkane hexane.
The general formula of the alkanes is CnH2n+2.
Explain what is meant by the term general formula.
Explain what is meant by the term empirical formula and state the empirical formula of hexane.
The molecular formula of hexane is C6H14.
Determine the number of structural isomers of hexane.
State one type of structural isomerism shown by the isomers of C6H14.
Both butane and butene react with bromine.
State an equation and the condition required for the reaction of 1 mol of butane with 1 mol of bromine.
State an equation for the reaction of 1 mol of butene with 1 mol of bromine.
Identify the type of reaction that occurs between the following pairs of substances:
- butane and bromine;
- butene and bromine.
Explain why the boiling point of butanol is significantly greater than that of butene.
The structural formulae of two organic compounds are shown below.
Deduce the type of chemical reaction that could be used to distinguish between these compounds.
Identify the functional groups in each of the following compounds:
