Communicable Diseases - exam practice

1, 2, and 3

only 1 and 2

only 2 and 3

only 1

1, 2, 3, and 4

1, 2, and 3 only

1 and 4 only

2, 3, and 4 only

exposure to the antibiotic causes a change in the bacterial cell wall, preventing the antibiotic from working

other bacteria that normally protect the skin against infection are killed by the antibiotic, allowing the infectious bacteria to survive

random mutations in DNA allow some of the bacteria to survive in the presence of the antibiotic

the antibiotic causes the bacterial DNA to mutate, allowing the bacteria to survive in the presence of the antibiotic

1 only

2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1 only

3 only

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

B lymphocytes produce antibodies

B lymphocytes produce antigens

T lymphocytes produce antibodies

T lymphocytes produce antigens

agglutination of bacteria to reduce their spread

increased susceptibility to phagocytosis

neutralisation of toxins to make them harmless

secretion of histamine to produce an allergic reaction

artificial active immunity

artificial passive immunity

natural active immunity

natural passive immunity

killer T cells punch holes in infected cells, releasing antibodies

killer T cells release cytokines, infected body cells release antibodies

memory cells release antibodies, killer T cells secrete cytokines

helper T cells release cytokines, plasma cells release antibodies

a primary and secondary immune response against antigen X occurred, with the memory B lymphocytes inhibiting the secondary immune response against antigen Y

a primary immune response to antigen Y occurred and memory B lymphocytes specific to antigen Y enhanced the secondary immune response to antigen X

memory B lymphocytes specific to antigen X enabled a secondary immune response to occur; different B lymphocytes were activated for a primary immune response for antigen Y

plasma cells remaining from the first exposure to antigen X undergo rapid clonal selection to produce high levels of antibody against antigen X and lower levels of antibody against antigen Y

black sigatoka in bananas

ring rot in tomatoes

tobacco mosaic disease

tomato late blight