mRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA synthesised during the process of transcription.

Its role is to carry genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes (where proteins are made).

Features of mRNA:

• Single-stranded, linear molecule.
• Contains a base sequence complementary to a DNA sequence.
• Contains codons, which are sets of three bases that code for an amino acid.
• Small enough to leave the nucleus.

tRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a type of RNA used in the process of translation.

Its role is to transport amino acids to ribosomes to build up a polypeptide chain.

Features of tRNA:

• Single-stranded molecule folded into a clover-leaf shape.
• Uses hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs to hold it in shape.
• Contains a specific sequence of three bases at one end, known as the anticodon.
• Contains an amino acid binding site at the opposite end.