Immunity - exam practice

In an investigation into the immune response, a volunteer was exposed to two different antigens, X and Y.

The relative antibody concentration in the blood was measured at regular intervals over 60 days.

The graph shows the time when the volunteer was exposed to each antigen and the antibody concentration against time for antigens X and Y.

What is the explanation for the results displayed on the graph?

The diagram represents the general structure of an antibody.

Which of the numbered part(s) of the diagram represent the part of the antibody that has the same sequence of amino acids in all antibodies?

Which statements correctly describe lymphocytes?

1 - each B lymphocyte has the ability to make several types of antibody molecules

2 - some B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes become memory cells

3 - plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood plasma

4 - some T lymphocytes stimulate macrophages to kill infected cells

Hybridomas are used as a basis for the production of large numbers of monoclonal antibodies.

Which statement describes how hybridomas are made?

Which are specific immune responses?

1 - phagocytosis

2 - production of antibodies

3 - effect of histamine

What are the function(s) of T lymphocytes during an immune response?

1 - destroy infected body cells

2 - differentiate into memory cells

3 - secrete antibodies

What happens when people are injected with dead bacteria?

Antibodies can act in a number of ways to protect the body from pathogenic bacteria.

What will not occur following antigen-antibody binding?

Breast milk produced by the mother for a new-born baby contains antibodies.

What do these antibodies provide?

When a body cell is infected by a pathogen, what is the correct immune response?