Synaptic Transmission - exam practice

spatial summation

all-or-nothing response

temporal summation

cell signalling

acetylcholine is broken down by enzymes so that it can bind to structure K

an action potential causes structure J to close

structure J is a voltage gated Ca²⁺ channel

structure L is released by exocytosis

GABA binds to structure K in competition with acetylcholine

GABA causes hyperpolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane

GABA causes depolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane

GABA inhibits release of neurotransmitter from structure L

all-or-nothing response

depolarising

graded in response

hyperpolarising

because potassium ions diffuse out of the postsynaptic neurone causing depolarisation

because potassium ions diffuse out of the postsynaptic neurone causing hyperpolarisation

because potassium ions diffuse into the postsynaptic neurone causing depolarisation

because potassium ions diffuse into the postsynaptic neurone causing hyperpolarisation

when neurotransmitters are released from multiple locations simultaneously

when a single presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitter several times over a short period

when a neurotransmitter is released continuously without degradation

when neurotransmitters are released at a slower, more consistent rate

it makes it easier for the postsynaptic neuron to reach the threshold of excitation

it makes it more likely for the postsynaptic neuron to release neurotransmitters

it makes it less likely that a new action potential will be generated in the postsynaptic neuron

it makes it necessary for neurotransmitters to bind to their receptors

neurotransmitter molecules are immediately broken down

an inhibitory postsynaptic potential is always generated

a new action potential may be initiated in the postsynaptic neuron

the presynaptic neuron is stimulated

to store calcium ions needed for neurotransmission

to absorb excess neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft

to provide energy for the synaptic transmission

to contain and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

potassium

calcium

sodium

chloride

it generates action potentials in the presynaptic neuron

it facilitates the release of more acetylcholine

it stimulates the growth of synaptic vesicles

it breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft

it leads to the neuron becoming negatively charged

it decreases the likelihood of an action potential

it inhibits neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron

it can generate a new action potential